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  • Balancing Glaucoma Care: Tackling Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment to Preserve Patient Quality of Life

    The Science behind the Tip In contrast to underdiagnosis, which has been described in population-based studies as affecting 50% or more of glaucoma...

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    Balancing Glaucoma Care: Tackling Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment to Preserve Patient Quality of Life

    Balancing Glaucoma Care: Tackling Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment to Preserve Patient Quality of Life

    The Science behind the Tip In contrast to underdiagnosis, which has been described in...

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  • Peripapillary Retinoschisis in Glaucoma: A Systematic Review

    PURPOSE: The frequent use of optical coherence tomography increased the detection of peripapillary retinoschisis, which poses challenges in the...

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    Peripapillary Retinoschisis in Glaucoma: A Systematic Review

    Peripapillary Retinoschisis in Glaucoma: A Systematic Review

    PURPOSE: The frequent use of optical coherence tomography increased the detection of...

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  • Evaluating Primary Treatment for People with Advanced Glaucoma: Five-Year Results of the Treatment of Advanced Glaucoma Study

    Purpose: To determine whether primary trabeculectomy or medical treatment produces better outcomes in terms of quality of life (QoL), clinical...

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    Evaluating Primary Treatment for People with Advanced Glaucoma: Five-Year Results of the Treatment of Advanced Glaucoma Study

    Evaluating Primary Treatment for People with Advanced Glaucoma: Five-Year Results of the Treatment of Advanced Glaucoma Study

    Purpose: To determine whether primary trabeculectomy or medical treatment produces better...

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  • Activation of the ROCK/MYLK Pathway Affects Complex Molecular and Morphological Changes of the Trabecular Meshwork Associated With Ocular Hypertension

    Purpose: The Rho-associated protein kinase and myosin light chain kinase (ROCK/MYLK) pathway undeniably plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology...

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    Activation of the ROCK/MYLK Pathway Affects Complex Molecular and Morphological Changes of the Trabecular Meshwork Associated With Ocular Hypertension

    Activation of the ROCK/MYLK Pathway Affects Complex Molecular and Morphological Changes of the Trabecular Meshwork Associated With Ocular Hypertension

    Purpose: The Rho-associated protein kinase and myosin light chain kinase (ROCK/MYLK) pathway...

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  • The relationship between multiple deprivation and severity of glaucoma at diagnosis

    BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with higher odds of chronic diseases, with many individuals living with more than one illness....

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    The relationship between multiple deprivation and severity of glaucoma at diagnosis

    The relationship between multiple deprivation and severity of glaucoma at diagnosis

    BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with higher odds of chronic diseases, with...

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  • Angle Closure SIG

    SIG Corner Editor: Hana Abouzeid Chair: John Thygesen Co-chair: Gus Gazzard The goal of this SIG is to further the promotion of knowledge about the...

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    Angle Closure SIG

    Angle Closure SIG

    SIG Corner Editor: Hana Abouzeid Chair: John Thygesen Co-chair: Gus Gazzard The goal of this SIG...

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  • Placebo effect and its determinants in ocular hypotensive therapy: meta-analysis and multiple meta-regression analysis

    Author(s): Sooyeon Choe (1), Young Kook Kim (2), Woosuk Chung (3), Donghyun Ko (3), Marvin Lee (4), Sung Ryul Shim (5), Ahnul Ha (6) 1 Department...

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    Placebo effect and its determinants in ocular hypotensive therapy: meta-analysis and multiple meta-regression analysis

    Placebo effect and its determinants in ocular hypotensive therapy: meta-analysis and multiple meta-regression analysis

    Author(s): Sooyeon Choe (1), Young Kook Kim (2), Woosuk Chung (3), Donghyun Ko (3), Marvin Lee...

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  • Be aware of the potential influence of the vitreoretinal interface when interpreting OCT images of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in glaucoma patients

    Vitreous traction can cause artifacts that may obscure RNFL thinning, potentially leading to misinterpretation of disease progression. Studies have...

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    Be aware of the potential influence of the vitreoretinal interface when interpreting OCT images of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in glaucoma patients

    Be aware of the potential influence of the vitreoretinal interface when interpreting OCT images of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in glaucoma patients

    Vitreous traction can cause artifacts that may obscure RNFL thinning, potentially leading to...

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  • Plasma metabolite profile for primary open-angle glaucoma in three US cohorts and the UK Biobank

    Author(s): Oana A Zeleznik ° (1,2), Jae H Kang ° (3,4), Jessica Lasky-Su (3,4), A Heather Eliassen (3,4,5,6), Lisa Frueh (3), Clary B Clish (7),...

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    Plasma metabolite profile for primary open-angle glaucoma in three US cohorts and the UK Biobank

    Plasma metabolite profile for primary open-angle glaucoma in three US cohorts and the UK Biobank

    Author(s): Oana A Zeleznik ° (1,2), Jae H Kang ° (3,4), Jessica Lasky-Su (3,4), A Heather...

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  • Comparison of Trabeculectomy Outcomes Performed by Residents in Training and Ophthalmologists

    Author(s): Mário Lima-Fontes (1), Ana Faria-Pereira (1), Mariana Leuzinger-Dias (1), Marta Inês Silva (1), João Barbosa-Breda (1,2,3), Joana Araújo...

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    Comparison of Trabeculectomy Outcomes Performed by Residents in Training and Ophthalmologists

    Comparison of Trabeculectomy Outcomes Performed by Residents in Training and Ophthalmologists

    Author(s): Mário Lima-Fontes (1), Ana Faria-Pereira (1), Mariana Leuzinger-Dias (1), Marta Inês...

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  • Oral acetazolamide (Diamox) is known to lower intraocular pressure, but it can very rarely cause acute bilateral angle closure with severely elevated intraocular pressure

    The mechanism is thought to be an idiosyncratic reaction to sulphonamides, similar to that which can occur with drugs such as topiramate. The...

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    Oral acetazolamide (Diamox) is known to lower intraocular pressure, but it can very rarely cause acute bilateral angle closure with severely elevated intraocular pressure

    Oral acetazolamide (Diamox) is known to lower intraocular pressure, but it can very rarely cause acute bilateral angle closure with severely elevated intraocular pressure

    The mechanism is thought to be an idiosyncratic reaction to sulphonamides, similar to that which...

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  • Cataract Surgery in Patients with Functioning Glaucoma Filtration Surgery

    The accelerated development of cataract is frequently seen in the years following glaucoma filtration surgery (1). Cataract surgery causes anterior...

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    Cataract Surgery in Patients with Functioning Glaucoma Filtration Surgery

    Cataract Surgery in Patients with Functioning Glaucoma Filtration Surgery

    The accelerated development of cataract is frequently seen in the years following glaucoma...

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A patient who presents with raised intraocular pressure or glaucoma and distended episcleral veins in one eye needs to be investigated for a spontaneous carotid – cavernous fistula

Tip of the month

A patient who presents with raised intraocular pressure or glaucoma and distended episcleral veins in one eye needs to be investigated for a spontaneous carotid – cavernous fistula

The Science behind the Tip A carotid – cavernous sinus fistula is an abnormal vascular communication between the carotid artery system and the...

October 31, 2017

Glaucoma associated with congenital aniridia is difficult to treat, but tube-shunt drainage devices offer the best results

Tip of the month

Glaucoma associated with congenital aniridia is difficult to treat, but tube-shunt drainage devices offer the best results

The Science behind the Tip Congenital aniridia is a rare bilateral developmental disorder which is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion in...

September 30, 2017

In a young patient with acute congestive angle closure or recurrent angle closure in the presence of a patent laser iridotomy, the underlying cause is usually plateau iris configuration

Tip of the month

In a young patient with acute congestive angle closure or recurrent angle closure in the presence of a patent laser iridotomy, the underlying cause is usually plateau iris configuration

The Science behind the Tip Plateau iris configuration is characterised by a closed anterior chamber angle in association with a flat iris plane and...

July 31, 2017

The chronic use of prostaglandin analogues may lead to a modest underestimation of IOP when measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry

Tip of the month

The chronic use of prostaglandin analogues may lead to a modest underestimation of IOP when measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry

The Science behind the Tip Corneal hysteresis is a biomechanical property of the cornea relating to its elasticity. The measurement of corneal...

June 30, 2017

In a patient with glaucoma who has unexplained hair loss, stop topical beta-blocker treatment

Tip of the month

In a patient with glaucoma who has unexplained hair loss, stop topical beta-blocker treatment

The Science behind the Tip Beta adrenergic receptor blocking eye drops are often used to reduce the intraocular pressure. Because of absorption...

May 31, 2017

Patients with normal tension glaucoma who develop a branch retinal vein occlusion should be monitored with greater care

Tip of the month

Patients with normal tension glaucoma who develop a branch retinal vein occlusion should be monitored with greater care

The Science behind the Tip If a branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) occurs in a patient with normal tension glaucoma, it tends to occur in the eye...

April 30, 2017

Visual function may improve after trabeculectomy in some adults with moderately advanced glaucoma

Tip of the month

Visual function may improve after trabeculectomy in some adults with moderately advanced glaucoma

The Science behind the Tip We were taught that visual field loss from glaucoma is irreversible and that our interventions could at best, preserve...

March 31, 2017

The regular (and sometimes clandestine) application of periocular corticosteroid cream can induce glaucoma in susceptible individuals

Tip of the month

The regular (and sometimes clandestine) application of periocular corticosteroid cream can induce glaucoma in susceptible individuals

The Science behind the Tip Steroid-induced ocular hypertension and glaucoma is typically associated with topical steroid therapy and presents with...

February 28, 2017

Patients with neovascular glaucoma should be referred to a general physician as management of their underlying systemic disease should increase their life expectancy

Tip of the month

Patients with neovascular glaucoma should be referred to a general physician as management of their underlying systemic disease should increase their life expectancy

The Science behind the Tip Most patients with neovascular glaucoma have retinal ischaemia secondary to either proliferative diabetic retinopathy,...

December 31, 2016

The risk of secondary haemorrhage after hyphaema can be reduced by using topical steroids and oral tranexamic acid

Tip of the month

The risk of secondary haemorrhage after hyphaema can be reduced by using topical steroids and oral tranexamic acid

The Science behind the Tip A hyphaema is a common and usually innocuous consequence of blunt injury or ocular surgery. However, the secondary...

November 30, 2016

Despite the increased central corneal thickness (CCT) that may follow lamellar corneal surgery, reliable IOP measurements can be obtained with Goldmann applanation tonometry or Pascal dynamic tomography

Tip of the month

Despite the increased central corneal thickness (CCT) that may follow lamellar corneal surgery, reliable IOP measurements can be obtained with Goldmann applanation tonometry or Pascal dynamic tomography

The Science behind the Tip Lamellar corneal surgery (DSAEK, DMEK) is replacing penetrating keratoplasty, because visual recovery is better and...

October 31, 2016

In patients with pigment dispersion syndrome, YAG laser peripheral iridotomy can reduce the risk of raised intraocular pressure (IOP) in some patients, but does not prevent glaucoma

Tip of the month

In patients with pigment dispersion syndrome, YAG laser peripheral iridotomy can reduce the risk of raised intraocular pressure (IOP) in some patients, but does not prevent glaucoma

The Science behind the Tip Pigment dispersion syndrome arises from posterior bowing of the iris secondary to reverse pupil block. This causes...

September 30, 2016

An optic disc haemorrhage indicates ongoing structural change and is an important sign of progressive glaucoma

Tip of the month

An optic disc haemorrhage indicates ongoing structural change and is an important sign of progressive glaucoma

The Science behind the Tip Prospective studies have shown that splinter-shaped haemorrhages at the optic disc margin are an important risk factor...

July 31, 2016

Gradual intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation with a need for additional treatment is common in pseudophakic glaucoma patients following Nd; YAG laser posterior capsulotomy

Tip of the month

Gradual intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation with a need for additional treatment is common in pseudophakic glaucoma patients following Nd; YAG laser posterior capsulotomy

The Science behind the Tip Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy is known to increase the IOP in some normal patients in the short term, with the maximum IOP...

June 30, 2016

Early detection of hypotony maculopathy is essential, as permanent chorioretinal changes and poor visual outcomes will occur without rapid surgical intervention

Tip of the month

Early detection of hypotony maculopathy is essential, as permanent chorioretinal changes and poor visual outcomes will occur without rapid surgical intervention

The science behind the tip Hypotony maculopathy is an uncommon but serious late complication of glaucoma filtration surgery, particularly when an...

May 31, 2016

Beware of the patient who presents with acute angle closure and transient myopia, as this may occur as an idiosyncratic side effect of oral sulfonamides

Tip of the month

Beware of the patient who presents with acute angle closure and transient myopia, as this may occur as an idiosyncratic side effect of oral sulfonamides

The science behind the tip The normal mechanism of angle closure is pupillary block, which is treated with a laser peripheral iridotomy (PI)....

March 31, 2016

If a choroidal effusion develops after surgery in a patient with nanophthalmos then a partial thickness lamellar sclerectomy is an effective therapeutic option

Tip of the month

If a choroidal effusion develops after surgery in a patient with nanophthalmos then a partial thickness lamellar sclerectomy is an effective therapeutic option

The science behind the tip Raised IOP and secondary glaucoma are common late consequences of nanophthalmos (axial length less than 20mm)....

January 31, 2016

Patients with neovascular glaucoma secondary to ocular ischaemia syndrome need pan-retinal photocoagulation and urgent referral to a physician

Tip of the month

Patients with neovascular glaucoma secondary to ocular ischaemia syndrome need pan-retinal photocoagulation and urgent referral to a physician

The science behind the tip The cause of neovascular glaucoma in two thirds of patients is either proliferative diabetic retinopathy or an ischaemic...

December 31, 2015

Avoid the upper nasal quadrant when inserting an aqueous drainage implant, as it can result in acquired Brown syndrome

Tip of the month

Avoid the upper nasal quadrant when inserting an aqueous drainage implant, as it can result in acquired Brown syndrome

The science behind the tip Aqueous drainage tubes are commonly used in the surgical treatment of refractory glaucoma. New onset persistent diplopia...

November 30, 2015

Artifacts in the SD-OCT images in a patient with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma may lead to an erroneous conclusion

Tip of the month

Artifacts in the SD-OCT images in a patient with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma may lead to an erroneous conclusion

The science behind the tip Structural measurements of the optic disc and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) have become an indispensable tool in the...

October 31, 2015

The ISNT rule is of limited benefit in differentiating early glaucoma from normal

Tip of the month

The ISNT rule is of limited benefit in differentiating early glaucoma from normal

The science behind the tip The ISNT rule states that a healthy optic disc has a characteristic configuration of the neuro-retinal rim; which is...

September 30, 2015

Patients with advanced glaucoma who are to undergo trabeculectomy should be warned that there is a small risk of permanent visual loss as a consequence of the surgery

Tip of the month

Patients with advanced glaucoma who are to undergo trabeculectomy should be warned that there is a small risk of permanent visual loss as a consequence of the surgery

The science behind the tip Transient visual disturbance after trabeculectomy is common and it can take several months for the vision to recover....

July 31, 2015

In clinical practice, anterior segment OCT cannot replace gonioscopy as a method of examining the filtration angle

Tip of the month

In clinical practice, anterior segment OCT cannot replace gonioscopy as a method of examining the filtration angle

The science behind the tip The diagnosis and management of all types of glaucoma is dependent on the accurate evaluation of the angle and its...

June 30, 2015